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大叶大学九十学年度博士班招生考试试题纸所别考试科目(中文名称)考试日期 节次 备注
食品工程 专业英文论文阅读能力测验 七月六日 一 共四页
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1.笔试题目共有十题,任选五题作答.每题 20 分,合计 100 分.
2.作答方式:将英文摘要改写成中文.
3.人名、专有名词以及无适当中文翻译之名词,如菌种、酵素名称等,可依原文写出.
4.作答题数超过五题者,将按作答顺序取前五题计分,其余答案不予计分.
5.一律横式作答.
题目:
1. Citric acid is finding new areas of use each year and the demand for the acid is constantly increasing.
Being a bulk chemical, the continuous production of citric acid would be advantageous. The paper
presents the results from ammonia limited batch and continuous fermentations using the yeast strain
Saccharomycopsis (Candida) lipolytica (NRRL Y-7576). Mathematical models were developed for
growth and glucose utilization in batch and continuous culture. Cell and acid yields appeared to be
almost the same in batch and continuous culture. The specific production rates were found to be
constant, equal to 0.053g/g h, in the batch fermentations but varied in the continuous experiments from
0 to 0.11 g/g h depending on the fermentation conditions. Continuous production in a single stage
CSTR was studied for over 1,000 hours without shutdown.
Index Entries:Citric acid; Saccharomycopsis lipolytica; candida lipolytica; continuous production;
stirred-tank reactor.
2. Bioassays were conducted to test two isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (IMI
350 394 and ZBW 9501) against adult Heteronychus licas Klug. In a bioassay, spore suspensions in
distilled water of isolates IMI 350 394 and ZBW 9501 and a granule formulation of isolate ZBW 9501
were tested against fed adult beetles in plastic vials containing heat-sterilized soil at rates of 9.5* 106
1.1* 107
and 1.2* 108
conidia/insect, respectively. Whereas, no mycosed cadavers were recovered
from the control treatment, the three fungus treatments caused 5, 10 and 35% mycosis, respectively, 22
weeks after inoculation. In another bioassay, the granulated fungus isolate ZBW 9501 was also tested
against fed and unfed H. licas larvae in plastic vials containing heat-sterilized soil at the rate of 1.2*
108
conidia/larva. No mycosed cadavers were recovered from the control treatment, but the fungus
treatment recorded 34 and 24% mycosis for fed and unfed larvae, respectively, 16 weeks after
inoculation. For both larvae and adults the fungus-induced mortality period ranged from 2 to 16 weeks.
The granulated fungus isolate ZBW 9501 applied in a small field trial at 8.2* 1012
conidia/ha had no
measurable impact on the pest (P > 0.05). The paper discusses some of the possible reasons for the
poor efficacy and concludes that the isolates tested are probably weakly pathogenic and more virulent
isolates with a greater epizootic potential must be identified before field testing.
2
Keywords: Black maize beetle; Heteronychus licas; Metarhizium anisopliae; Sugercane; Biological
control; Soil insect
3. The rising need for new separation processes for the biotechnology industry and the increasing
attention towards development of new industrial enzyme processes demonstrate a potential for the use
of liquid membranes (LMs). This technique is particularly appropriate for multiple enzyme/ cofactor
systems since any number of enzymes as well as other molecules can be co-encapsulated. This paper
focuses on the application of LMs for enzyme encapsulation. The formulation and properties of LMs
are first introduced for those unfamiliar with the technique. Special attention is paid to carrier-
facilitated transport of amino acids in LMs, since this is a central feature involved in the operation of
many LM encapsulated enzyme bio-reactor systems. Current work in this laboratory with a
tyrosinase/ascorbate system for isolation of reactive intermediate oxidation products related to L-
DOP
……

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